Here is a list of all Biases in the Catalogue. Check back regularly as we are adding new ones over time.
A distortion that modifies an association between an exposure and an outcome, caused by the presence of an indication for the exposure that is the true cause of the outcome.
A distortion that arises from presenting the results of unplanned statistical tests as if they were a fully prespecified course of analyses.
Individuals differ in their geographic, temporal and economic access to diagnostic procedures which label them as having a given disease.
Knowledge of a subject’s prior exposures or personal biases may influence both the process and the outcome of diagnostic tests.
When not all participants receive the same reference test in a diagnostic accuracy study.
When individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
When a topic is fashionable (‘hot’) investigators may be less critical in their approach to their research, and investigators and editors may not be able to resist the temptation to publish the results.
A distortion that arises when an individual’s stated behaviour or valuation differs to that of their real behaviour or valuation.
A distortion that modifies an association between an exposure and an outcome, caused when a cohort study is designed so that follow-up includes a period of time where participants in the exposed group cannot experience the outcome and are essentially ‘immortal’.
When the results of an index test form part of the reference test in a diagnostic study.
A tendency for the methods and results of a study to support the interests of the funding organisation.
Bias that arises from systematic differences in the collection, recall, recording or handling of information used in a study.
The presence of a person’s information in an electronic health record is affected by the person’s health status.
The use of an insufficiently accurate method to detect the outcome of interest, such that clinically important differences are not detected.